Vietnam has achieved great economic development over the past 30 years. However, there is growing concern over increasing inequalities in other aspects of life, in particular opportunities and voice for certain population subgroups. Meanwhile, there is still a sizeable and significant lacuna in multidimensional analysis to provide a comprehensive and indepth view of inequality.

This study is a first attempt to examine multidimensional inequality in those key domains of inequality in the country: life and health, education and learning, and participation, influence, and voice.

The research findings point at large gaps between subpopulation groups across spatial, socio-economic, and ethnic axes of inequalities in their capability to enjoy the right to a proper, quality education and to experience a life free of illness and access to quality healthcare facilities. People belonging to ethnic minorities (EM), women, and inhabitants from rural provinces are more affected by inequalities in health and education than the Kinh, men, and higher-income households living in predominantly urban areas. Furthermore, inequality in the capability to participate, raise one’s voice, and influence public matters is extremely acute between men and women and the poorest households and with a lower level of education, compared to the richest, urban, highly educated households.